The rapid development of electric vehicles and renewable energy has brought battery technology to the center of people’s attention. However, battery overheating has always been a major threat to battery performance and longevity. In order to prevent battery overheating and avoid the problems it incurs, various battery cooling methods have been invented, which drastically extend battery life.
Passive cooling
Passive cooling is the most basic approach of battery cooling. By designing heat sinks or heat dissipation channels, heat can be naturally dissipated to achieve a cooling effect. Passive cooling does not require external energy and control systems and is low cost, but the effect is limited.
Liquid cooling
Liquid cooling is a more efficient approach of cooling batteries. By arranging cooling liquid circulation pipes around the battery, heat is transferred to the cooling liquid (also known as the coolant), which is then cooled by the radiator and then recycled, effectively reducing the operating temperature of the battery. The liquid cooling method has the advantages of high heat dissipation efficiency and easy maintenance, though it requires energy consumption to maintain the operation of the cooling system.
Air cooling
Air cooling is another commonly used battery cooling approach. Heat dissipation is achieved by blowing cold air on the battery surface or placing the battery in a well-dissipated case. Air cooling has the advantages of easy control and low maintenance cost, but it has high requirements on the external environment and is not suitable under extreme climate conditions.
Phase change materials
Phase change materials are a new type of battery cooling technology. The temperature control of the battery is achieved by utilizing the characteristics of phase change materials to absorb or release heat during the phase change process. Phase change materials can continuously release or absorb heat within a certain temperature range, effectively reducing battery temperature fluctuations and extending battery life.
Due to the significance of battery cooling as a key factor affecting battery performance and life, choosing an appropriate battery cooling method can noticeably reduce battery temperature, improve battery efficiency and stability, and extend battery life. Different battery cooling methods can be selected for different application scenarios, and factors such as heat dissipation efficiency, cost and maintenance need to be comprehensively considered to find the most suitable solution to achieve the best performance of the battery.
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